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干扰素雾化吸入治疗病毒性呼吸道感染的作用机制及临床进展
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| 篇名： | 干扰素雾化吸入治疗病毒性呼吸道感染的作用机制及临床进展 |
| TITLE： | Mechanism of action and clinical progress of nebulized inhalation of interferon for viral respiratory infection |
| 摘要： | 干扰素（IFN）是一类具有广谱抗病毒和免疫调节作用的细胞因子，传统给药途径为静脉注射或局部外用，临床应用受到一定限制。近年来，雾化吸入IFN为病毒性呼吸道感染提供了局部抗病毒途径。本文综述发现，雾化吸入IFN可直接作用于呼吸道，局部发挥广谱抗病毒与免疫调节作用，全身药物暴露少。现有临床证据提示，雾化吸入IFN对婴幼儿毛细支气管炎、病毒性肺炎等具有一定疗效，安全性尚可，局部刺激反应多见，全身不良反应显著少于注射给药，但高质量循证证据不足，给药方案尚未统一。目前，雾化吸入IFN多属于超说明书用药，临床使用需严格遵守法规要求，完善知情同意与院内审批流程；后续应开展高质量临床试验与真实世界注册研究，统一给药方案，规范临床应用。 |
| ABSTRACT： | Interferon （IFN） is a type of cytokine with broad-spectrum antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Its traditional administration routes， including intravenous injection and topical application， impose certain limitations on clinical practice. In recent years， nebulized inhalation of IFN has offered a local antiviral pathway for viral respiratory infection. This review showed that nebulized inhalation of IFN can act directly on the respiratory tract， exerting broad-spectrum antiviral and immunomodulatory effects locally with minimal systemic drug exposure. Available clinical evidence suggested that nebulized inhalation of IFN yields certain therapeutic effects and acceptable safety in infants and young children with bronchiolitis， viral pneumonia and other related diseases. Local irritant reactions were common， while systemic adverse reactions were significantly fewer than injection administration. Nevertheless， high-quality evidence-based evidence was insufficient and dosing regimens had not been standardized. Currently， nebulized inhalation of IFN is mostly an off-label use. Its clinical application must strictly comply with regulatory requirements， with adequate informed consent and institutional approval. High-quality clinical trials and prospective real-world registry studies should be conducted in the future to unify dosing regimens and standardize clinical practice. |
| 期刊： | 2026年第37卷第19期 |
| 作者： | 刘智慧；楼鹏强 |
| AUTHORS： | LIU Zhihui，LOU Pengqiang |
| 关键字： | 干扰素;雾化吸入;病毒性呼吸道感染;超说明书用药 |
| KEYWORDS： | Interferon;nebulized inhalation;viral respiratory infection;Off-label use |
| 阅读数： | 11 次 |
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