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老年人跌倒的药物相关风险因素的范围综述
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| 篇名： | 老年人跌倒的药物相关风险因素的范围综述 |
| TITLE： | Scoping review of medication-related risk factors for falls in older adults |
| 摘要： | 目的 系统梳理老年人跌倒的药物相关风险因素，为保障老年人用药安全提供参考。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、WebofScience、中国知网等数据库，检索时限为建库起至2025年11月1日，纳入国内外老年人药物相关性跌倒的相关研究，对影响老年人跌倒的药物因素进行归纳与分析。结果基于纳入的22篇文献，发现增加老年人跌倒风险的药物类别涉及4大类：精神药物[12篇，比值比（OR）为1.500～5.790]、心血管系统药物（5篇，OR为1.236～4.784）、镇痛药（3篇，OR为1.500～4.490）、降糖药（3篇，OR为2.070～2.751）。此外，抗胆碱能负荷（1篇，OR为2.610）和多重用药（7篇；用药数量≥4种时，OR为2.902～25.897）也是导致老年人跌倒的风险因素。结论老年人跌倒与精神药物、心血管系统药物、镇痛药、降糖药相关，且精神药物风险最高；抗胆碱能负荷和多重用药也是重要的风险因素。临床实践中应通过药物精简与风险监测，以有效降低老年患者的跌倒风险。 |
| ABSTRACT： | OBJECTIVE To systematically review medication-related risk factors for falls in older adults， to provide references for ensuring medication safety among older adults. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， and CNKI for relevant literature published from database inception to November 1， 2025. Relevant studies on medication-related falls in older adults， both domestic and international， were included. Drug factors influencing falls in older adults were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included. Four major classes of fall-risk-increasing drugs were identified： psychotropic medications [12 studies， odds ratio （OR） range 1.500-5.790]， cardiovascular system drugs （5 studies， OR range 1.236-4.784）， analgesics （3 studies， OR range 1.500-4.490）， and hypoglycemic agents （3 studies， OR range 2.070-2.751）. Additionally， anticholinergic burden （1 study， OR was 2.610） and polypharmacy （7 studies， OR range 2.902-25.897 for the use of ≥4 medications） were identified as significant risk factors for falls. CONCLUSIONS Falls in older adults are significantly associated with psychotropic medications， cardiovascular system drugs， analgesics， and hypoglycemic agents， among which psychotropic medications pose the highest risk. Anticholinergic burden and polypharmacy are also important risk factors. In clinical practice， interventions should be implemented through deprescribing and risk monitoring to effectively reduce the risk of falls in older adults. |
| 期刊： | 2026年第37卷第07期 |
| 作者： | 覃丽宇；龙绪峰；曹宏雅；梁珂源；黄明媚；张宏亮 |
| AUTHORS： | QIN Liyu，LONG Xufeng，CAO Hongya，LIANG Keyuan，HUANG Mingmei，ZHANG Hongliang |
| 关键字： | 老年人；跌倒；风险因素；多重用药；范围综述 |
| KEYWORDS： | older adults； falls； risk factors； polypharmacy； scoping review |
| 阅读数： | 24 次 |
| 本月下载数： | 3 次 |
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