非胰岛素类降糖药物在1型糖尿病治疗中的研究进展
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篇名: 非胰岛素类降糖药物在1型糖尿病治疗中的研究进展
TITLE: Research progress of non-insulin hypoglycemic drugs in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus
摘要: 1型糖尿病(T1DM)的传统治疗以胰岛素替代为主,但部分患者面临血糖波动大、低血糖风险高、体重增加等问题。近年来,非胰岛素类降糖药物在T1DM中的辅助治疗作用逐渐受到关注。本文围绕胰淀素类似物(普兰林肽)、双胍类药物(二甲双胍)、钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂、二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂5类非胰岛素类降糖药物在T1DM治疗中的作用机制及临床研究进展进行综述,发现上述药物可通过改善胰岛素敏感性、延缓胃排空、促进尿糖排泄和调节肠促胰素等不同途径,在降低糖化血红蛋白水平、减少胰岛素用量和管理体重方面增加T1DM患者的临床获益。同时,这些药物也存在给药方案复杂所致患者依从性低、糖尿病酮症酸中毒风险增加、血糖控制存在异质性等局限性。未来的研究可聚焦于个体化治疗策略的开发,结合药物基因组学与新型生物标志物精准识别获益患者亚群,并深入探究该类药物延缓糖尿病血管并发症及改善患者生活质量的潜在价值。
ABSTRACT: Traditional treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) primarily involves insulin replacement, yet some patients encounter issues such as significant blood glucose fluctuations, high risk of hypoglycemia, and weight gain. In recent years, the adjuvant therapeutic role of non-insulin hypoglycemic drugs in T1DM has gradually gained attention. This article reviews the mechanisms of action and clinical research progress of five types of non-insulin hypoglycemic drugs in the treatment of T1DM: amylin analogues (pramlintide), biguanides (metformin), sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. It is found that these drugs can enhance clinical benefits for T1DM patients by improving insulin sensitivity, delaying gastric emptying, promoting urinary glucose excretion, and regulating incretin levels, thereby reducing glycated hemoglobin levels, decreasing insulin dosage, and managing body weight. Simultaneously, these drugs also present limitations such as low patient compliance due to complex dosing regimens, increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, and heterogeneity in glycemic control. Future research could focus on developing individualized treatment strategies, combining pharmacogenomics with novel biomarkers to precisely identify subpopulations of patients who may benefit, and delving into the potential value of these drugs in delaying diabetic vascular complications and improving patients’ quality of life.
期刊: 2026年第37卷第02期
作者: 许泽洁;郑姣妮;罗静;王良玉;严伟;贺强;单雪峰
AUTHORS: XU Zejie,ZHENG Jiaoni,LUO Jing,WANG Liangyu,YAN Wei,HE Qiang,SHAN Xuefeng
关键字: 非胰岛素类降糖药物;1型糖尿病;普兰林肽;二甲双胍;钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂;二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂;胰高血糖
KEYWORDS: non-insulin hypoglycemic drugs; type 1 diabetes mellitus; pramlintide; metformin; sodium-glucose co-transporter
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