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美国执业药师参与疫苗管理的经验介绍及启示
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| 篇名： | 美国执业药师参与疫苗管理的经验介绍及启示 |
| TITLE： | |
| 摘要： | 目的：完善我国的疫苗管理制度，提高执业药师在参与疫苗管理、流通与使用中的作用。方法：介绍美国执业药师参与疫苗管理的现状、相关配套措施及取得的社会效益等，为我国执业药师参与疫苗管理提供借鉴。结果与结论：美国的执业药师最初仅仅是对公众和医师开展疫苗教育，逐步发展为在执业医师授权下在药房为患者接种疫苗、参与儿童与成人疫苗管理，最终被纳入全国药品不良反应监测体系等；其获取参与疫苗管理的方式包括接受疫苗接种培训、心肺复苏培训及疫苗继续教育和执业医师授权；如今已被允许参与到绝大多数疫苗的管理中。为了确保执业药师管理疫苗的专业性、安全性和积极性，美国各个州的药房理事会还建立了一系列执业药师参与管理疫苗的配套措施，包括加强专业培训、保存疫苗接种与不良反应监测记录、实施责任保险与医保补偿制度等。上述举措增强了患者接种疫苗的意愿、提高了执业药师的社会认同度、降低了社会的疫苗接种成本。我国的执业药师在疫苗管理中尚未发挥其应有的作用，建议从构建“化堵为疏”的疫苗监管体制、明确药房“分类管理”的发展定位、完善执业药师参与疫苗管理的配套措施等方面，逐步实现执业药师参与疫苗管理，从而发挥执业药师在疫苗管理、流通与使用中的作用。 |
| ABSTRACT： | OBJECTIVE： To improve the vaccine management system in China and the role of licensed pharmacist participating in vaccine management， circulation and delivery. METHODS： The current situation， related supporting measures， and social benefits of licensed pharmacist participating in vaccine management were introduced to provide basis for the vaccine management for Chinese licensed pharmacists. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： In the beginning， American licensed pharmacists only educated physicians and the public， then developed to deliver vaccines in pharmacies supervised by practicing physicians， and participated in administration of vaccines both for adults and children， finally evolved to be part of the ADR monitoring system， etc. The way to participate vaccine management included receiving vaccination training， cardiopulmonary resuscitation training， vaccine continuing education and licensed pharmacist authorization； it has been participated in the vast majority of vaccine management currently. In order to make sure the professionalism， security and enthusiasm of licensed pharmacist in vaccine management， there were supporting measures established by Pharmacy Governing Council in America， including strengthening professional training， saving vaccinations， ADR monitoring records， developing responsibilities insurance and Medicare payment system. The above measures have strengthened patients’ willingness to take vaccine， improved the social acceptance of pharmacists and saved costs. The Chinese licensed pharmacists have not play their proper role， it is suggested to progressively realize licensed pharmacist participating in vaccine management to play the role of licensed pharmacists in vaccine management， circulation and delivery in aspects of constructing vaccine regulatory system of “dredging instead of blocking”， clearing positioning of pharmacy and improving the supporting measures of licensed pharmacist participating in vaccine management. |
| 期刊： | 2016年第27卷第25期 |
| 作者： | 李伟，酒励 |
| AUTHORS： | LI Wei，JIU Li |
| 关键字： | 执业药师；疫苗管理；美国；预防接种 |
| KEYWORDS： | Licensed pharmacists； Vaccine management； America； Preventive inoculation |
| 阅读数： | 963 次 |
| 本月下载数： | 11 次 |
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