2011-2015年我院神经外科医院获得性肺炎患者的病原菌分布及耐药性分析
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篇名: 2011-2015年我院神经外科医院获得性肺炎患者的病原菌分布及耐药性分析
TITLE:
摘要: 目的:了解新疆医科大学第一附属医院(以下简称“我院”)神经外科患者医院获得性肺炎(HAP)的病原菌分布及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法:对我院神经外科2011年5月-2015年5月HAP患者652例的病原菌培养及药敏试验结果进行回顾性分析。结果:652例患者中,有608例检出病原菌,阳性率为93.3%;共检出病原菌608株,其中以肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌为主的革兰氏阴性(G-)菌433株(71.2%);以金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌为主的革兰氏阳性(G+)菌108株(17.8%);以白假丝酵母菌为主的真菌67株(11.0%)。检出产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的肺炎克雷伯菌67株,产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌43株,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌8株。对G-菌敏感性较高的药物有亚胺培南、哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠、头孢吡肟等,对G+菌敏感性高的药物有万古霉素等。结论:我院神经外科患者HAP的主要病原菌为G-菌,耐药率普遍较高;对我院HAP病原菌敏感性较高的药物包括亚胺培南、万古霉素等;临床应根据病原学分析,合理应用抗菌药物。
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To explore the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) from neurosurgery department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (called “our hospital” for short), so as to provide reference for clinical use of antibiotics in the clinic. METHODS: The pathogen culture and drug sensitivity test of 652 HAP patients were analyzed retrospectively in neurosurgery department of our hospital during May 2011 to May 2015. RESULTS: Of 652 cases, pathogens were detected in 608 cases, with positive rate of 93.3%. Among 608 strains of pathogen, there were 443 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (71.2%) as Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli; 108 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (17.8%) as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae; 67 strains of fungus (11.0%)as Candida albicans. There were 67 strains of ESBLs K. pneumonia, 43 strains of ESBLs E. coli and 8 strains of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci. The drugs sensitive to Gram-negative bacteria included imipenem, piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium, cefepime, etc.; those sensitive to Gram-positive bacteria included vancomycin, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Main pathogen of HAP patients in neurosurgery department of our hospital are Gram-negative bacteria, and they were highly resistant to antibiotics; the highly sensitive drugs to HAP include imipenem and vancomycin, etc.; the antibiotics should be used rationally according to etiological analysis.  
期刊: 2016年第27卷第20期
作者: 章珊,李维民,张梅
AUTHORS: ZHANG Shan,LI Weimin,ZHANG Mei
关键字: 医院获得性肺炎;神经外科;病原菌;分布;耐药性
KEYWORDS: Hospital acquired pneumonia; Neurosurgery department; Pathogens; Distribution; Drug resistance
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