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零售药店从业人员和家长对儿童OTC药品知识了解情况的调查
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| 篇名： | 零售药店从业人员和家长对儿童OTC药品知识了解情况的调查 |
| TITLE： | Investigation and Analysis of the Understanding of Pharmacy Practitioners in Retail Pharmacies and Parents of Children’s OTC Drug Knowledge |
| 摘要： | 目的：规范我国儿童非处方（OTC）药品使用，控制儿童自我药疗风险，确保儿童用药安全。方法：采取问卷调查的方式， 随机向13个省、直辖市的零售药店从业人员和16个省、直辖市的家长发放问卷，对问卷调查结果进行描述性分析，并针对零售药 店从业人员和家长在儿童OTC药品使用过程中存在的问题提出相应建议。结果：药店端问卷填写人数5 367人，有效填写人数 5 353人，有效填写率为99.74％；消费者端（家长）问卷填写人数6 111人，有效填写人数5 094人，有效填写率为83.36％。调查结 果显示，93.67％的零售药店配备了1～2名执业药师；药店从业人员的学历以大专居多（46.59％），专业知识相对薄弱，非常了解药 学专业知识的仅占30.00％；药店从业人员可以提供基础的药学服务，但对儿童年龄、体质量等信息不敏感，仅44.11％的从业人员 会根据患儿年龄、体质量核准给药剂量；98.09％的药店会定期进行OTC药品知识培训，但对儿童相关用药知识缺乏重视；仅五成 左右的药店从业人员对儿童OTC药品的适应证、用法用量及注意事项非常清楚。约70％的家长不完全了解处方药、绿色标OTC 药品与红色标OTC药品的区别，不清楚居家OTC药品的治疗风险；63.06％的家长根据经验选购OTC药品，23.05％的家长依赖药 品广告选购OTC药品；92.64％的家长会在使用OTC药品前仔细阅读药品说明书，但对药品说明书很多内容存在理解盲点。在 OTC药品使用过程中，46.21％的家长曾给孩子服用成人OTC药品，且41.54％的家长不会进行儿童用量的换算；52.89％的家长表 示给孩子服用OTC药品后出现过不良反应。结论：药店从业人员整体学历较低，专业水平亟待提高，对儿童OTC药品的了解不够 全面，缺乏儿童用药知识相关培训；家长对儿童OTC药品认知度较低，在儿童OTC药品使用过程中存在用量不准确、用药成人化 等诸多问题。笔者建议应提高药店从业人员准入标准，增加执业药师配备数量；组织儿童安全用药专项培训，提高药店药学服务 能力；加强对零售药店的监管，制订儿童OTC药品使用药学服务规范；加强儿童合理用药宣传教育，普及儿童OTC药品安全用药 知识；充分发挥药师的指导作用，重视对患儿家长的用药指导。 |
| ABSTRACT： | OBJECTIVE：To standardize the use of children’s over-the-counter（OTC）drugs in China，control the risk of children’s self medication and ensure the safety of children’s medication. METHODS：The questionnaire was randomly distributed to pharmacy practitioners in retail pharmacies in 13/parents in 16 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government. The results of questionnaire survey were analyzed descriptively. The corresponding suggestions were put forward for the problems existing in the use of OTC drugs for children among pharmacy practitioners in retail pharmacies and parents.RESULTS：Totally 5 367 people filled the questionnaire at pharmacies，and 5 353 questionnaires were filled validly with effective rate of 99.74％；the number of consumers（parents）who filled the questionnaires was 6 111，and 5 094 questionnaires were filled validly with effective rate of 83.36％. The results of survey showed that 93.67％ of retail pharmacies were equipped with 1-2 licensed pharmacists；most of the employees in pharmacies had college degree（46.59％），and their professional knowledge was relatively weak，and only 30.00％ of them were very familiar with pharmaceutical professional knowledge. Pharmacy practitioners could provide basic pharmaceutical care，but they were not sensitive to the information of children’s age and weight；only 44.11％ of the practitioners would approve the dosage according to the age and weight of the children；98.09％ of pharmacies would regularly conduct OTC drugs knowledge training，but they did not pay attention to the knowledge of children related to drug use. About half of the pharmacy practitioners were very clear about the indications，usage and dosage，precautions of OTC drugs for children. About 70％ of parents did not fully understand the difference between prescription drugs，green OTC drugs and red OTC drugs，and did not know the risk of home OTC treatment；63.06％ of parents chose OTC drugs according to their previous experience， and 23.05％ of parents relied on drug advertisements to choose OTC drugs； 92.64％ of parents would read the drug instruction carefully before using OTC drugs， but they had blind spots in understanding many contents of the drug instruction. In the process of OTC drug use，46.21％ of parents had used adult OTC drugs for their children，and 41.54％ of parents did not convert the amount of children；52.89％ of parents said that their children suffered from adverse reactions after taking OTC drugs. CONCLUSIONS：The pharmacy practitioners have low education on the whole，professional level needs to be improved，their understanding of children’s OTC drugs is not comprehensive enough，and there is a lack of training on children’s medication knowledge. Parents have a poor awareness of children’s OTC drugs，and there are many problems in the process of using children’s OTC drugs，such as inaccurate dosage，using adult’s drugs. It is suggested that we should improve the access standard of pharmacy practitioners and increase the number of licensed pharmacists；organize special training on safe drug use for children to improve the pharmaceutical service ability of pharmacies；strengthen the supervision of retail pharmacies and formulate pharmaceutical care standards for the use of OTC drugs for children；strengthen the publicity and education on rational drug use for children and popularize the knowledge of safe drug use of OTC drugs for children；give full play to the guiding role of pharmacists and pay attention to the medication guidance of parents. |
| 期刊： | 2021年第32卷第23期 |
| 作者： | 李迎春，鲁卓林，高 艳，孙燕燕 |
| AUTHORS： | LI Yingchun，LU Zhuolin，GAO Yan，SUN Yanyan |
| 关键字： | 零售药店从业人员；家长；儿童；非处方药；安全用药 |
| KEYWORDS： | Pharmacy practitioners in retail pharmacies；Parents；Children；OTC drugs；Safe use of drugs |
| 阅读数： | 357 次 |
| 本月下载数： | 8 次 |
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