食药两用中药致不良反应的文献分析
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篇名: 食药两用中药致不良反应的文献分析
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摘要: 目的:通过对食药两用中药致不良反应的文献进行数据分析,为生活和临床中合理使用食药两用中药提供参考。方法:以国家卫生和计划生育委员会2014年发布的101种食药两用中药为基础,检索中国知网、万方数据、维普网等数据库自建库起至2017年12月的相关文献,收集食药两用中药致不良反应的患者情况(性别、年龄、过敏史)、引起不良反应的食药两用中药品种、用量、第1次发生时间、累及的系统-器官及临床表现、严重不良反应情况、药物使用形式等信息,并进行统计分析。结果:共收集文献515份,在101种食药两用中药中有46种报道了不良反应,涉及病例1 707例,其中男性817例、女性767例、记录不详123例;年龄以0~19岁居多(865例,占50.67%);过敏史记录不详者1 275例,占74.69%。46种中药中导致不良反应例数较多的是白果(595例,占34.86%)和鱼腥草(512例,占29.99%)。正常用量下发生不良反应的有615例(占36.03%),过量使用的有436例(占25.54%),其余不详;食用或药用24 h之内出现不良反应的有1 201例(占70.36%);食药两用中药导致的不良反应累及全身各个系统,以胃肠道损害、神经系统损害、全身性损害、皮肤及其附件损害、呼吸系统损害居多,临床表现多样;白果(453例/595例,为严重不良反应例数/不良反应例数,下同)、鱼腥草(105例/512例)、火麻仁(94例/170例)和山楂(85例/118例)引起的严重不良反应例数较多。933例患者以食物形式使用后出现不良反应,725例为药用形式使用后出现不良反应,49例为接触后出现不良反应;在725例药用发生的不良反应中,441例(占60.83%)是由单一用药引起的,不良反应发生中最常见的药品剂型是注射剂(517例,占71.31%)。结论:幼年和青少年是食药两用中药致不良反应多发人群,白果和鱼腥草是常见的引起不良反应的药物,无论是正常用量还是过量用药均有可能导致不良反应的发生,且多发生在用药后24 h内,食药两用中药致不良反应的临床表现多样,食用、药用甚至接触均有可能导致不良反应,单一用药较联合用药更容易导致不良反应,不良反应发生最常见的药品剂型是注射剂,临床医师、药师应予以重视和干预。
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for rational use of edible and medicinal TCM in life and the clinic by analyzing the literatures about ADR induced by edible and medicinal TCM. METHODS: Based on 101 kinds of edible and medicinal TCM issued by National Health and Family Planning Commission in 2014, relevant literatures were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP during database establishment and Dec. 2017. The information (gender, age, allergic history) of patients, types and amounts of edible and medicinal TCM-induced ADR, first occurrence time, organ or system involved, clinical manifestations, severe ADR, form of drug use were collected and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: A total of 515 literatures were collected; among 101 kinds of edible and medicinal TCM, 46 kinds of TCM caused ADR in 1 707 cases. There were 817 male cases and 767 female cases, involving 123 unknown cases. The age of them mostly ranged 0-19 years old (865 cases, 50.67%). There were 1 275 unknown allergic cases, accounting for 74.69%. Among 46 kinds of TCM, Ginkgo biloba (595 cases, 34.86%) and Houttuynia cordata (512 cases, 29.99%) caused more cases of ADR. There were 615 cases of normal dose (36.03%) and 436 cases of excessive dose (25.54%); the rest was unknown. ADR occurred in 1 201 cases within 24 h after medication (70.36%). ADR induced by edible and medicinal TCM involved all systems of the body. The main clinical manifestations were gastrointestinal damage, nervous system damage, systemic damage, skin and its appendents damage and respiratory system damage. Most of severe ADR cases were caused by Salisburia adiantifolia (453 cases/595 cases, cases number of severe ADR/case number of ADR, similarly hereinafter), H. cordata (105 cases/512 cases), Cannabis sativa (94 cases/170 cases) and Crataegus pinnatifida (85 cases/118 cases). ADR occurred in 933 cases after using in form of food; 725 cases of ADR occurred after using in form of medicine; 49 cases of ADR occurred after contacting. Among 725 ADR cases during medicinal use, 441 cases were caused by single medicine (60.83%); main dosage form of ADR was injection (517 cases, 71.31%). CONCLUSIONS: Teenagers are susceptible population of ADR induced by edible and medicinal TCM. G. biloba and H. cordata are common drugs that cause ADR. Both normal dosage and overdose may lead to the occurrence of ADR; most of ADR occurs within 24 h after medication; there are various clinical manifestations. Edible use, medicinal use and even contact may cause ADR; single medicine and combination easily cause ADR; main dosage form of ADR is injection. Clinicians and pharmacists should pay attention to ADR induced by food/medicine.
期刊: 2018年第29卷第17期
作者: 植飞,张德新,黄程鹏,李亚丽,杨天乐,陈运中
AUTHORS: ZHI Fei,ZHANG Dexin,HUANG Chengpeng,LI Yali,YANG Tianle,CHEN Yunzhong
关键字: 食药两用中药;不良反应;合理使用;临床表现;药品剂型
KEYWORDS: Edible and medicinal TCM; ADR; Rational use; Clinical manifestation; Dosage form
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