非处方药致45例不良反应分析
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篇名: 非处方药致45例不良反应分析
TITLE:
摘要: 目的:探讨非处方(OTC)药的不良反应(ADR)发生情况,指导患者合理用药。方法:回顾性分析我院2013年1月-2016年6月45例OTC药致ADR患者的一般情况、过敏史、致敏药物、用药原因、用药方式、潜伏期、住院天数、临床表现、治疗和转归等资料。结果:45例患者中,男性14例,女性 31例;年龄以20~30岁居多(31.1%);3例患者有既往过敏史(6.7%);口服药物居多(82.2%);用药原因以呼吸系统疾病居多(23例,51.1%)。因果关系评价结果为肯定的3例(6.7%),很可能35例(77.8%),可能7例(15.6%)。致ADR药物主要类别为非甾体抗炎药(57.8%)、中成药(20.0% )和外用药(17.8%);ADR临床表现以发疹型药疹(33.3%)、多形红斑型药疹(24.4%)和荨麻疹型药疹(13.3%)为主。结论:非甾体抗炎药是引起ADR的主要致敏药物,OTC中成药引起的ADR不容疏忽。建议提高公众药疗知识和技能,科学使用OTC药,以提高合理药疗水平。
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence of ADR induced by over-the-counter (OTC) drug in order to guide the rational use of drugs. METHODS: 45 cases of ADR induced by OTC drug were analyzed retrospectively in terms of patient’s general information, allergic history, allergenic drugs, reason for drug use, route of administration, incubation period, days of hospitalization, clinical manifestation, treatment, outcome, etc. RESULTS: Among 45 patients, there were 14 male and 31 female. The patients were mainly 20-30 year-old (31.1%). Three patients had previous history of allergy (6.7%). Most ADR were induced by oral drugs (82.2%). Reasons for drug use were mainly disease of respiratory system (23 cases, 51.1%). The results of causality assessment were positive in 3 patients (6.7%), probable in 35 (n=77.8%), and possible in 7 patients (15.6%). ADR were mainly induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, 57.8%), Chinese patent medicine (20.0%), drugs for external use (17.8%). The clinical manifestations mainly included exanthematous drug eruption (33.3%), erythama multiforme drug eruption (24.4%), urticarial drug eruption (13.3%). CONCLUSIONS: NSAIDs are the main allergenic drugs, and ADR induced by OTC traditional Chinese medicine can not be ignored. To improve medical knowledge and skills of the public and the scientific use of OTC drug are beneficial to improve the clinical treatment level.
期刊: 2017年第28卷第11期
作者: 徐建东,陈强,易娟娟,李自冶,张晓燕
AUTHORS: XU Jiandong,CHEN Qiang,YI Juanjuan,LI Ziye,ZHANG Xiaoyan
关键字: 非处方药;不良反应;合理用药
KEYWORDS: OTC drug; ADR; Rational drug use
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